Tata Kelola Hibrida dalam Keuangan Sosial Islam: Memikirkan Kembali Zakat Melalui Paradigma Fiqih Sosial Sahal Mahfudh

Muhammad Aziz

doi:10.52431/minhaj.v7i1.4521

Authors

Muhammad Aziz Universitas Al-Hikmah Indonesia, Tuban

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52431/minhaj.v7i1.4521

Keywords:

Zakat, Keuangan Sosial Islam, Fikih Sosial, Hybrid Governance, Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), Sahal Mahfudz

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis integrasi Keuangan Sosial Islam dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan melalui rekonstruksi paradigma zakat dalam pemikiran Sahal Mahfudh. Meskipun zakat memiliki potensi besar dalam pengentasan kemiskinan, implementasinya masih cenderung bersifat karitatif dan belum mampu menjawab persoalan kemiskinan struktural. Studi ini berangkat dari kesenjangan dalam literatur Keuangan Sosial Islam yang cenderung menekankan aspek finansial dan kelembagaan, namun mengabaikan dimensi sosial dan epistemologis dalam tata kelola zakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan kerangka hermeneutika transformatif dan analisis konten kualitatif. Sumber data utama berupa karya-karya Fikih Sosial, yang dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi transformasi epistemologis zakat serta peran modal sosial dalam pengelolaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran dari pendekatan normatif menuju pendekatan metodologis berbasis maqāṣid al-syarīah, yang memungkinkan zakat berfungsi sebagai instrumen rekayasa sosial. Selain itu, modal sosial berbasis pesantren terbukti berperan sebagai mekanisme tata kelola yang memperkuat akuntabilitas dan keberlanjutan program zakat produktif. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini mengajukan Hybrid Governance Model of Zakat, yaitu model tata kelola yang mengintegrasikan redistribusi finansial dengan modal sosial berbasis komunitas. Model ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis dalam memperluas literatur Keuangan Sosial Islam, serta implikasi praktis dalam mendukung pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs), khususnya dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi.

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